A Blind approach of QR Code based color Image watermarking using DWT

Volume 6 Issue 2 April - June 2019

Research Paper

A Blind approach of QR Code based color Image watermarking using DWT

Lokeswara Rao K.*, B. Jagadeesh**, A. Lekhamrutha***

*Communication Engineering and signal Processing, GVP College of Engineering (Autonomous), Madhurwada, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India.

**_***Department of Electronics and communication Engineering, GVP College of Engineering (Autonomous), Madhurwada, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India.

Rao, K. L., Jagadeesh, B., & Lekhamrutha, A. (2019). A Blind approach of QR Code based color Image watermarking using DWT. i-manager's Journal on Image Processing, 6(2), 40-45.

Abstract

The fast growth in internet and communication technology has facilitated an increasing in the exchange of digital multimedia content like audio, video, and images etc. It is necessary to accomplish secure communication for the digital information in open networks. The art of hiding information has become amajor issue in the late years, the security of information has become a biginterest in this internet era. Encodinginformation using QR codes, as they have greater potential to carry different types of information in a smaller space. Due to these properties they have gained popularity in various fields of application and used for both human interaction and automated systemsThis paper includes two phases, i.e.; generating a QR code and hiding the QR code inside a color image. In the embedding process, binary image is converted into a corresponding digitally invisible watermark that is inserted in a QR code. TheQuick response(QR) code(watermark) is embedded by using the Discrete Wavelet Transform in YCbCr color space, it should be extracted blindly without the host image or original watermark after applying different image processing attacks.

Change Detection Analysis using Landsat Multi-Temporal Imagery and GIS Techniques: A Case Study for Tirupati, South India

Volume 6 Issue 2 April - June 2019

Research Paper

Change Detection Analysis using Landsat Multi-Temporal Imagery and GIS Techniques: A Case Study for Tirupati, South India

V. Raja Rajeswari*, S Narayana Reddy**

*_**Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, SVUCE, Tirupati, India.

Rajeswari, V. R., & Reddy, S. N. (2019). Change Detection Analysis using Landsat Multi-Temporal Imagery and GIS Techniques: A Case Study for Tirupati, South India. i-manager's Journal on Image Processing, 6(2), 32-38.

Abstract

Land use/land cover (LULC) information in the form of maps is essential for the planning, supervising natural resources, utilisation of land to meet the increasing human demands and monitoring changes in the ecosystem. In this study, remote sensing data and geographic information system applications were used to analyse the LULC and its changes in Tirupati, which is located in the Seshachalam hill range in the Chittoor district of Andhra Pradesh (AP) state, South India. The study area is a world-famous pilgrimage centre and fast-developing towns. Therefore, updated LULC maps must be created for various departments. The aim of this study was to classify and determine changes in the LULC over the 40-year period 1978-2018 by using multi-temporal Landsat satellite images and Survey of India toposheet map. The 1978 and 2018 Landsat images and field survey data were selected to classify the data. The ERDAS Imagine v16 and ArcGIS v10.1 were used to process images and assess the changes in land use of this study area. Classification was performed using the maximum likelihood classifier algorithm of supervised classification. Images were classified into five major classes: forest, water bodies, agricultural land, barren land, and built-up land. A post-classification change detection technique was used to find out the changes in LULC. Changes were mainly observed in the built-up areas. The results demonstrate that during the forty years period built-up area and barren land/other land increased 454.33%, and 104.7%, and area under water bodies, agriculture and forest decreased 73.07%, 61.84% and 31%, respectively. In the future, these changes may have a significant influence on the ecosystem.

Defogging of Image Using Spatial MRF with Boundary Constraints

Volume 6 Issue 2 April - June 2019

Research Paper

Defogging of Image Using Spatial MRF with Boundary Constraints

Sivachanaukya Dora H.*, Sunil Prakash M**

*_**Department of ECE, MVGR College of Engineering, Vizianagaram, India.

Dora, H. S., & Prakash, S. M. (2019). Defogging of Image Using Spatial MRF with Boundary Constraints. i-manager's Journal on Image Processing, 6(2), 26-31.

Abstract

Capturing the image in fog scene suffer from the distortions of the information and the time taken to predict the object in the way become complicated. To overcome this difficulty the image are taken into consideration as the grown up technology opens the door for converting the analog scene to digital scene in the form of an image, image captured in less visibility of the scene predominantly in foggy weather conditions the structure of image and also several human activities like drones, aircrafts, flights and travellers which in turn will affect several computer vision applications like tracking, artificial intelligence, remote sensing. Thus restoring back the outdoor scene from such foggy image is significantly important. The main focus is to defog the image in the patch; atmospheric light in foggy days looks as that of the fog, so this to be reduced; edges and corners must be visible, inner depths to be reconstructed form the fog scene. To fulfill these characteristics of image several defog techniques was investigated. The Spatial Random Markov Fields with Boundary Constraints was proposed which performs on image within the space and patch using boundary constraints. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed work is efficient to remove fog, restore space of an image and preserve’s the natural atmospheric light even in foggy days without changing the color.

Primary Screening Technique for Detecting Breast Cancer

Volume 6 Issue 2 April - June 2019

Research Paper

Primary Screening Technique for Detecting Breast Cancer

C. Naga Raju*, A Himabindhu**

* Associate Professor and Head, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, YSR Engineering College of Yogivemana University,Proddatur, Andhra Pradesh, India.

**Research Scholar, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Ryalaseema University, Kurnool, Andhra Pradesh, India.

Raju, C. N., & Bindu, A. H.(2019). Primary Screening Technique for Detecting Breast Cancer. i-manager's Journal on Image Processing, 6(2),19-25.

Abstract

The breast cancer is absolutely life intimidating and dreadful disease. The primary screening of breast tumor is still under research because of some risk features such as gene, taking birth control fills, smoking, obesity and Age are playing vital role spreading the cancers. The malignant tumors that induct into the breast cells and eventually this tumor extends to the surrounding tissues. The proposed technique consists of four steps. Step1 is for digitized noises removal, step2 is for suppression of radio opaque artifacts, step3 is for Pectoral Muscle removal and step4 is for detecting location of cancer on breast for emphasizing the region of breast profile. To reveal the capability of this technique two separate digital mammograms are tested using GT( Ground Truth) mammograms for assessment of performance characteristics. The Experimental results indicate that the breast cancer regions are extracted truthfully in compliance to respective Ground Truth Images.

Gabor Based Band Selection for Multispectral Palmprint Recognition System using feature Fusion

Volume 6 Issue 2 April - June 2019

Research Paper

Gabor Based Band Selection for Multispectral Palmprint Recognition System using feature Fusion

Abubakar Sadiq Muhammad*, Auwal Sani iliyasu**, Abubakar A. Umar***, Bello A. Imam****, Shehu H.Ayagi*****, Muhammad A. Baballe******

*_******School of Technology, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Kano State Polytechnic Kano, Nigeria.

Muhammad, A. S., Iliyasu, A. S., Umar, A. A., Imam, B. A., Ayagi, s. H., & Baballe, M. A. (2019). Gabor Based Band Selection for Multispectral Palmprint Recognition System using feature Fusion. i-manager's Journal on Image Processing, 6(2), 14-18.

Abstract

The efficiency of a palmprint recognition system lies in its robustness and antispoofing capabilities. Enhancing their capabilities will require the use of new techniques for extracting more discriminative features from collected images particularly those with different illuminations. Feature level fusion is presented using the popular using Gabor Wavelet Transform (GWT)for palmprint images collected from different light illumination Red, Green, Blue and Near Infra-red (NIR). Individual spectra were fused as triple (R, B, NIR and G, B, NIR) at feature level in the experiments, followed by verification ofsystem performance by a number of classifiers. The method demonstrates an increase in recognitionperformance of almost 100% could be obtained in the system by fusion of the spectra as compared to previous works.

Effects of Unequal Bit Costs on Data Compression

Volume 6 Issue 2 April - June 2019

Research Paper

Effects of Unequal Bit Costs on Data Compression

Mohamed Yacine Gheraibia*

University of Teluq, Montreal, Canada.

Gheraibia, M. Y. (2019). Effects of Unequal Bit Costs on Data Compression. i-manager's Journal on Image Processing, 6(2), 1-13.

Abstract

Contour representation of binary object is widely used in pattern recognition. Chain codes are a compression methods where the original data are reconstructed from the compressed data for representing binary objects including contours. Though a notably huge image size reduction is obtained by fixed-length chain code, so far, more efficient and reliable methods for data encoding is possible by using technique that treats the binary bits differently considering its requirement of storage space, energy consumption, speed of execution and so on. This paper proposes a new variant of Huffman Coding (HC) by taking into consideration the fact that the costs of bits are different, the new representation of the Freeman Chain Code (FCC) is based on an eight-direction scheme. An experimentation of the cost efficiency of the new representation over the classical FCC is described and compared to other techniques. Our experiments yield that the proposed FCC representation reduces overall both the storage and the transmission cost of encoded data considerably with compared to the classical FCC.

Performance Analysis of Copy-Move Forgery Detection Techniques

Volume 6 Issue 1 January - March 2019

Survey Paper

Performance Analysis of Copy-Move Forgery Detection Techniques

Gulivindala Suresh *, Chanamallu Srinivasa Rao **

*_**Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering, JNTUK University College of Engineering, Kakinada, Andhra pradesh, India.

Suresh, G., & Rao, C. S. (2019). Performance Analysis of Copy-Move Forgery Detection Techniques. i-manager's Journal on Image Processing, 6(1), 38-43. https://doi.org/10.26634/jip.6.1.15925

Abstract

Copy Move Forgery (CMF) is a manipulation process, where a part of the image is copied and moved to another region in the same image. The advanced growth in technology and photo-editing software lead to the malicious manipulation of images. Distribution of such tampered images through high speed digital networks and social media is also increased, which leads to the incredibility of the images and the underlying information. Hence, it is much demanded to develop, evaluate, and propose CMF detection techniques. CMF detection can be achieved either by keypoint approach or block-based approach. In this paper, performance of block-based and keypoint based CMF detection and localization techniques are analyzed.